GENERAL:
Krishna district was one of the oldest British administrated areas
of Andhra Pradesh. It was formerly called Masulapatnam district
and in 1859 when the ten Guntur district was abolished, certain
taluks thereof were added to this district which was renamed as
Krishna district, after the mighty river Krishna.
|
PHYSICAL
CHARACTRISTICS:
|
 |
Latitude |
: |
15°
43’ N and 17° 10’ N |
|
Longitude |
: |
80° 0’ and 81° 33’ of E. |
|
AREA |
: |
8,727
Sq. Kms. |
|
Coastal Line |
: |
88
Kms. |
|
Boundaries |
: |
| East |
: |
Bay
of Bengal and West Godavari district |
| West |
: |
Guntur
and Nalgonda districts |
| North
|
: |
Khammam
district |
| South |
: |
Bay
of Bengal |
|
|
HILLS:
The main hill range of the district known as Kondapalli runs between
Nandigama and Vijayawada with a length of about 24 Kms. The other
impart hills are Jammalavoidurgam, Mogalrajapuram and Indrakiladri
hills. On the Indrakiladri hills at Vijayawada stands the famous
temple of Kanakadurga.
|
RIVERS:
The chief rivers of the district are the Krishna (length 1,280 kms)
Muniyeru (Muneru), the Tammileru and Budameru. Krishna river debouches
in to the Bay of Bengal at Hamsala Divi and Nachugunta in this district.
The district contains small hillstreams viz., Jayanthi, Kattaleru,
Ippalavagu, Upputeru, Telleru, Ballaleru, Nadimeyeru.
|
FLORA:
The district has no worth mentioning forests. However, it contains
Reserved Forest areas in Nandigama, Vijayawada, Tiruvuru, Nuzvid,
Gannavaram, Bandar and Divi taluks. A type of lightwood known as
‘PONUKU’ (Gyrocapus Jacquini) is found on the Kondapalli
hills. The wood is used for the manufacture of the well known Kondpalli
toys. The most noticeable trees are pterocarpus, Terminalia, Anogeissus
and Logustroeinai and Casuarina.
|
FAUNA:
In Krishna district the fails also merge at one time tigers and
sambar were found on the Medasala Durga – ridge and on the
Kondapalli and Jamalavayi hills. But they are very rare now. Panthers,
Hyaena, Jungle cat, fox and bear are the carnivorous mammalian fauna
represented. Among the herbivorous animal’s deer, spotted
deer sambar and blackbuck are sometimes found in the interior inland
forests. A migrant gray billed pelican is a protected bird in the
Kollair lake boarding the Krishna district. The district possesses
a large number of Murrah buffaloes and cows with Murrah stain.
|
CLIMATE:
The climatic conditions of the district are of extreme kind with
hot summers and cold winters and may be classified as tropical.
The period starting from April to June is the hottest.
|
RAINFALL:
The average normal rainfall is 1028.1 mm.
|
|
SOIL:
Three types of soils viz.,}
1.
Black Cotton (57.6%)
2. Sand clay loams (22.3%)
3. Red loams (19.4%)
|
AGRICULTURE:
Endowed with a rich variety of soils, the district occupies an important
place in Agriculture, which is the most important occupation, and
Paddy is the main food crop produced.
|
LITERACY:
Krishna district has recorded a literacy rate of 70.03. The district
is well advanced in field of education.
|
|
AVAILABLITY
OF MINIRAL SOURCES:
| Chromite |
Kondapalli
hills and adjoining areas |
| Diamonds |
Paritala,
Ustepalls, Kondavatikallu, Ramannapet,
Suryavaram, Kothapet, Nemalipuram, Mugaluru, Putrela etc. |
| Iron
Ore |
Jaggayyapet
area |
| Lime
Stone |
Jaggayyapet
area |
| Mica |
Tiruvuru
area |
| Salphur |
Kona
in Machilipatnam Mandal. |
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TRANSPORTATION
AND COMMUNICATIONS:
Vijayawada City is the largest commercial centre of this district
and also there is an important railway junction being connected
to Delhi, Calcutta, Madras, Hubli, Gudivada and Machilipatnam. It
has an Aerodrome at Gannavaram about 16 Kms away and a minor sea
port at Machilipatnam. The second largest Bus Station complex in
the state is also located in Vijayawada.
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